Combined intake and exhaust manifold



Junezz ,1926. y 1589358 V n T. B. HOGG COMBINED INTAKE AND EXHAUST MANIFOLD Filed Feb. l5, 1924 h Tar-1066,

Patented June 22, 1926.

UNITED STATES PAT THEODORE B. IIOGG, OF DAYTON, OHIO.

COMBINED INTAKE AND EXHAUST MANIFOLD.

Application filed February 15, 1924. Serial No; 693,082.

This invention relates to an improvement in combined intake and exhaust manifolds of that type adapted to be connected to an explosive engine in a manner to permit the exhaust gases from n the engine to how through the vaporizer and heat the saine, to thereby insure proper vapor-ization of the incoming fuel inixture.

Vaporizers of this type have been hereto-` lore proposed, but generally, the exhaust gases are caused to circulate througl'i the vaporizer in a manner tending to a decrease in the efficiency of the engine through a retai-ded how of the exhaust gases. llie present invention therefore is directed particularly in the preferred forni to providing a vaporizer having a circulating space for the incoming fuel mixture, and also having spaces for the passage of the exhaust gases on .both sides of the space for the fuel mixture. lo secure the desired and uni- 'orn'i vaporization of the fuel mixture in the fuel mixture space,.these independent exhaust gas spaces are each directly connected with the exhaust gas outlets from the engine, so that the fuel mixture space is heatedon both sides with the full heat of the exhaust gases. y

A further Vobject of the invention is the provision of a particular forni of baiiie, whereby the fuel mixture is compelled to travel a more or less tortuous passage between the inlet to the vaporizer and the outlet therefrom, to secure more effective vaporization.`

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

F ig. l is a view in elevation of the preferred form `of vaporizer.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal longitudinal section of the saine;

Fig. 3 isa longitudinal section of a slightly inodilied forni of vaporizer.

The improved vaporizer, as shown nioi'e particularly in Figs. l and 2, comprises a casting l, including spaced concentric tubular portions 2 and 3, connected at what will be termed the inlet end of the vaporizer by an annular plate 4 closing the space 5 between the outer and inner tubes 2 and 3, this plate 4l extending inwardly of the inner tube 3 as at 6, and outwardly of the outer tube 2 at 7. 'The opposite end of the casting is provided with webs 8 to maintain the spacing between the inner and `cuter tubes without affecting the outlet, and

the outer tube at this end is preferably provided with an outstanding iiange 9.

llie outer tube 2 is formed in one portion of its wall with longitudinally aligned openings lo, having conduit extensions ll,` terminally formed with llanges l2, vwhereby the vaporizer a whole inay be secured to the engine, witii the openings lo communieating with the exhaust ports of the engine.

,'lhe vaporizer here shown is designed for a lour cylinder engine, andit is to be par.- ticularlynoted that there are but three exhaust gas openings lo fornied integral with tile vaporizer casting.

'lhe inner tube of' the casting isforined with fuel mixture outlet openings l, havlng conduit extensions llwhichbridge the space o and extend through the outer tube L., these conduit extensions having terminal nanges l5 to connect with tlie'fuel inixture inlets to the lengine block.

` An inner tube lo is arranged withinand concentric with the tube .3 of the casting, said inner or central tube lo being open-at both ends and beingthreaded at one. end as at 'l to cooperate with a threaded thickened portion lb of the inner tube 3 of the casting. lhe yopposite end of the central tube has a hexagonal hangelt), adapted when the tube 'is in place to overlie theliange projection 6,01 the end wall el, of the casting and thereby seal the space 20 between the central tube and the inner tube 3. As thus arranged, the central i tube is readily removable. Y

An exhaust gas conduit 2l leads from the remaining exhaust port of the engine to the inlet end of the vaporizer and is forined with a hange 22 by which this independent exhaust gas conduit 2l may be connected to the extension 7 of the end plate 4 of the vaporizer body, to cause the independent exhaust gas conduit 2l to communicate directly with the interior of the central tube 16.

A fuel mixture inlet 23, leading from a carbureter, (not shown) or other source of fuel mixture supply, opens through the outer tube l and innertube 3 of the vaporizer body to thereby deliver the'fuel inixture into the space 2O between the central tube lo and the inner tube 3 of the vapor'- izer body. ln order to insure that the incoming fuel mixture is afforded a `proper contact with the heated Walls of the vaporizer, baliies 24 are arranged on opposite sides oi the/,fuel mixture inlet within the space 20. These baffles are in the form of semiannular members, which are permanently secured to the inner surface of the inner wall S of the vaporizer body, and permanently close a portion of the space 2() against direct conn'nunication with the inlet 23, so that the incoming fuel mixture is prevented from iowing directly to the outlets 13, and is compelled to travel around the central pipe 16 before reaching such outlets.

The outlet end of the vaporizer is provided witli la pipe section 25, removably secured to the fiange 9 of the body, this pipe section being open to the outlet end of the space 5 and lalso to the central tube 16.

In this preferred form of vaporizer, it will be noted that the incoming fuel mixture is caused to circulate in the space 20 of the vaporizer body, and also that this space 2'() is defined by the inner tube 8 of the body 'and the wall of the central tube i6. The inner tube Bof the body is directly heated by the exhaust gases entering the openings 10, and the central tube 16 is also directly heatedby the exhaust gases lentering through `the conduit 21. Thus no matter what the heat of the exhaust gases may be', the fuel mixture is subjected t0 this exact heat degreev interiorly and ext'eriorly, and hence vaporization to the extent permitted by the degree of heat will take place throughout the volume of fuel mixture, and no one portion of such fuel ymixture will be heated to a higher degree than other portions. This is a decided advantag'e'overvaporizers of the type wherein the exhaust gases enter at-one or more points, of the vaporizer, pass through a space interiorly or exteriorly of the fuel space and then return through the remaining space in circulation, vas where the gases return in circulation there is a tendency to increase the resistance to the flow of such gases as to decrease the eiiiciency of the engine'. This is substantially and practically avoided in the construction describedin this particular.

InFig. 3, I have shown a slightly modi- -lied -form of vaporizer, wherein the vaporizer body or casting is formed to present inner and outer tubes 30 and 31, providing an exhaust space 32 between them, this space being closed at the outlet end ofthe vaporizer lby -a plate 33, and being, as a casting "form, open at the inlet end of the vapor- .izer and adaptedto be closed by a cap 34 vhaving flange connection 35, with the body of the vaporizer. The cap is formed with an annular concavity 36 on its interior surface, forming a central directing point 37, the purpose of which will be later explained. lacentral tube 38 is arranged within and concentric with the inner tube 31, the cental tube at thev inlet end of the carbureter having a flange terminal 89 shaped as a nur for convenient turning of the tube, this flange terminal overlying and bearing in sealing cooperative relation against an 1nwardly extending flange t() of the inner tube 31. The opposite end of the central tube 325 is threaded at l1 to cooperate with the thread-d edge of the end plate of the vaporizer body and the internally threaded exhaust gas outlet pipe lf2. The application of the central tube provides a fuel mixture space 43 between said tube and the inner tube 231 of the vaporizer body.

The inner tube 31 of the vaporizer body is formed near the outlet end of the vaporiter with a fuel mixture inlet opening 4A, haring-a conduit extension 45 which opens through and beyond the outer wall 80, and is adapted to be connected tothe carbureter or other source of supply. formed near the opposite or inlet end of the vaporiiier `with a fuel mixture outletv 45 having a conduit extension 46 leading to and through the outer tube 30, and adapted to connect the vaporizer and motor cylinder. rhe outer tube 30 of the vaporizer is formed with an inlet l? for exhaust gases, havingl a conduit extension 48 adapted to be connected to the usual exhaust pipe of the engine, these exhaust gases circulating lirst in the space 32 and then entering the concaved channel in the cap and being directed by the wall of the same, which is particularly formed for the purpose into the central tube 3S, and thence to the muffler or other escape. The spur 37 acts to direct this circulation positively into the central tube without material interfering with the flow of the gas. The fuel mixture inlet and outlets la and l5 communicate with the space 4B, and to prevent direct travel of the fuel mixture lengthwise of this space, there are provided battles 19 and 50. These bafiies are substantially similar to the baffles described in connection with the preferred form, and are formed integral with or otherwise secured to the inner surface of the inner tube 31 of the body. The baffles are semi-circular in form and of a radial length to bridge the space 43. ranged oppositely with respect to the central tube 88, that is, for example, one baflie will embrace the lower half of this tube while the other battle will embrace the upper half of the tube. Thus the incoming fuel mixture is compelled to travel at 'least once around the tube 38 before reaching the outlet, and is thus effectively vapor-ized by the heat of the exhaust gases.

I claim:

1. A combined intake and exhaust manifold construction being formed to provide a fuel mixture space having a fuel mixture inlet and fuel mixture outlets, an exhaust gas space exteriorly of the fuel space and closed The tube 31 is i The baffles are arl l t) against the latter, an exhaust gas space arranged interiorly of the fuel mixture space and closed against the latter, and means for admitting the exhaust gases directly from the engine into each of said exhaust gas spaces independently.

2. A combined intake and exhaust manifold construction comprising a body having spaced concentric inner and outer tubes proxf'iding an exhaust gas space between them, a central tube arranged interiorly of and in spaced concentric relation with the inner tube and definingy a fuel mixture space between itself and said inner tube, exhaust gas inlets leading to the exhaust gas space between the inner and outer tubes of the body, and an independent exhaust gas inlet leading directly to the central tube.

3. A combined intake and exhaust manifold construction comprising a body having inner and outer spaced concentric tubes, a central tube removably arranged Within and spaced concentrically from the inner tube, means for independentlyadmitting exhaust gases to the space between the vinner and outer tubes of the body and to the space within the central tube, fuel mixture inlet and outlets communicating with the space between the central tube and inner tube, and baiiies of semi-circular form secured to the inner tube and bridging the space throughout the length of the baies between said inner tube and central tube.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

THEODORE B. HOGG, [Ls] 

